Nonparametric Statistics And Correlation

Assessment Instructions

Answer the questions below, following the Submission Requirements as specified at the end of the assessment.
Assessment Concepts Question Concept
Question 1 SPSS: One-Variable Chi Square
Question 2 SPSS: One-Variable Chi Square
Question 3 Chi-Square as a Test of Independence
Question 4 SPSS: Two-Variable Chi-Square
Question 5 Measures of Effect Size
Question 6 Power and the Factors Affecting It
Question 7 Power and the Factors Affecting It
Question 8 Correlational Studies
Question 9 Correlation: Relationship Direction
Question 10 SPSS: Scatterplot
Question 11 SPSS: Pearson r
Question 12 SPSS: Pearson r
Question 1

Complete the following steps:

Open the SPSS file assessment5a.sav linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading.
At the top of the screen, click on Data, then select Weight Cases.
Click on Weight Cases By, click on Count, then click on the arrow next to Frequency Variable to send it over to the Test Variable box.
On the toolbar, click Analyze, then Nonparametric Tests, then Legacy Dialogs, the Chi Square.
Click on Favorite Color, then click on the arrow to send to the Test Variable List window.
Under Expected Values, select Value, then enter the following four values in order: 43, 58, 253, 414.
Click OK and copy and paste the output to your Word document.

Question 2

There are 218 first graders in an elementary school. Of these first graders, 86 are boys, and 132 are girls. School-wide, there are 753 boys and 1063 girls. The principal would like to know if the gender ratio in first grade reflects the gender ratio across the school.

Complete the following:

Identify the null hypothesis.
What are the degrees of freedom (df)?
Complete the table (complete in SPSS and paste the output into your Word document):
Question 2 Men Women
Number Observed Number Expected Number Observed Number Expected

Calculate χ² in SPSS and paste the output into your Word document.
Can you reject the null hypothesis at α = .05?

Question 3

You recently read a magazine article stating that professionals who attended college online tend to earn higher salaries than professionals who attended brick-and-mortar universities. Identify this study’s two variables.
Question 4

Complete the following steps:

Open the SPSS file assessment5b.sav linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading.
At the top of the screen, click on Data, then select Weight Cases.
Click on Weight Cases By, click on Count, then click on the arrow next to Frequency Variable to send it over to the Test Variable box.
On the toolbar, click Analyze, then Descriptive Statistics, then Crosstabs.
Click on Team Placement, then click on the arrow to send to the Rows window.
Click on Gender, then click on the arrow to send to the Columns window.
Click on the Statistics button, then check the box for Chi-Square. Click Continue.
Click on the Cells button, then check the box for Expected. Click Continue.
Click OK, and copy and paste the output to your Word document.
Highlight the chi-square and significance values in the output. Write the chi-square results as you might see them in a journal.

Question 5

Group A (n = 12) has a mean score of 7.42. Group B (n = 12) has a mean score of 6.00. Standard deviation for scores across all participants is 1.369. Group A’s mean is significantly higher than Group B’s mean ( t = 2.84, α < .01).

Calculate effect size using Cohen’s d and effect size r.
Based on the effect size, it there a practical difference between Groups A and B?

Question 6

Assume Cohen’s d to be approximately .40. If conducting an independent samples t test (two-tail, α= .05), how many participants will you need in each group to achieve 90 percent (.90) power?
Question 7

Assume effect size η to be approximately .29. If conducting a one-way ANOVA (three groups, α = .05), how many participants will you need in each group to achieve 80 percent (.80) power.
Question 8

Which of the following scenarios might be analyzed using a correlation?

The effectiveness of training A versus training B in raising skill level.
Minutes spent exercising per week and physical fitness level.
Income level and the number of visits to a financial planner.
Beer brand preference among college students.

Question 9

Indicate if you expect the relationship between the following variables to be negative (-), positive (+), or zero (0):

Size of yard and size of landscaping bill.
Years of education and income level.
Hours of TV watched per week and physical fitness level.
Number of siblings and number of pets.
Hours spent studying and exam scores.

Question 10

Complete the following steps:

Open the SPSS file assessment5c.sav linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading.
At the top of the screen, click on Graphs, then select Legacy Dialogs, then Scatter/Dot.
Click on Simple Scatter, and select Define.
Click on Exam 1 (X), then click on the arrow next to X Axis to send it over to the X Axis box.
Click on Exam 2 (Y), then click on the arrow next to Y Axis to send it over to the Y Axis box.
Click OK, then copy and paste the scatterplot output to your Word document.

Question 11

Complete the following:

Open the SPSS file assessment5c.sav.
At the top of the screen, click on Analyze, then select Correlation, then Bivariate.
Click on Exam 1 (X), then click on the arrow to send it over to the Variables box.
Click on Exam 2 (Y), then click on the arrow to send it over to the Variables box.
Click OK, then copy and paste the correlation output to your Word document.

Question 12

Complete the following steps after opening the SPSS file assessment5d.sav linked in the Resources under the Required Resources heading:

Create a scatterplot. Copy and paste the scatterplot output to your Word document.
Based on the scatterplot, what is the expected strength and direction of the correlation?
Identify the null hypothesis.
Calculate Pearson r. Copy and paste the correlation output to your Word document.
Based on the correlation output (two-tailed test), can the null hypothesis be rejected? If the null can be rejected, how confident can you be that the results are not due to chance?
Report the results as you might see them in a journal.

Submission Requirements

Submit all answers in one Word document (do not submit multiple files).
Show your work for questions that require calculations.
Ensure your answer to each problem is clearly visible (you may want to highlight your answer, or use a different font color, to set it apart).ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)
Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation
Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality
Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes
I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.